Incoterms as a legal act

Volume 5, Number 3, 2020, P. 303–315

[ JURIDICAL SCIENCES ]

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Abstract:

The article reveals the features of Incoterms as a legal act. The dualistic concept of defining the legal nature of Incoterms is defended. As a methodological basis for the study, the conclusion was made on the need for a differentiated consideration of the relevant publication of the International Chamber of Commerce and trade terms included in it. The problematic issues of the definition of the concept «legal document» in the domestic legal science are considered. Two main approaches have been identified: interpretation as “a document containing legal information” and the definition “a document involved in the process of legal regulation”. It has been specified that a legal act is a kind of a legal document. Signs of a legal document have been clarified. The distinguishing features of a legal act are highlighted: it has an official character, is a form of consolidation of legal (regulatory or individual) prescriptions, is created in the process of legal activity, has legal force, and affects public relations in order to streamline them. The author has provided his own definition of a legal act. The results of the analysis of Incoterms through a set of features common to any legal act are presented: Incoterms as an official legal document, Incoterms as a form of consolidating legal prescriptions, Incoterms as a result of law systematizing practice, the legal force of Incoterms and legal significance of Incoterms. It is noted that Incoterms is a combination of several legal acts adopted at different times and different in content. It is proposed to consider the functions of Incoterms through its characteristics as an act of individual legal regulation, as an act of professional interpretation, as a harmonization act.

Keywords:

International Chamber of Commerce, Incoterms 2020, trade terms, legal act, private law unification act

Author:

Aleksandr A. Pakharukov, Cand. Sci. (Jurisprudence), Associate Professor, Head of Jurisprudence Department, Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Irkutsk, Russia

For citation:

Pakharukov A.A. (2020) Incoterms as a legal act. Sotsial’naya kompetentnost’ = Social Competence. Vol. 5. No. 3. P. 303–315. (In Russ.)

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